The second pharyngeal arch is also known as what arch?

• A. First pharyngeal arch
• B. Second pharyngeal arch
• C. Hyoid arch
• D. Branchial arch

Answer: (C)

The second pharyngeal arch is called the hyoid arch because its cartilaginous support, Reichert's cartilage, forms key structures linked to the hyoid bone. From this arch develop the stapes (one of the auditory ossicles), the styloid process, and parts of the hyoid bone (the lesser horn and the upper body). It also gives rise to muscles of facial expression and several associated muscles such as the stapedius, stylohyoid, and the posterior belly of the digastric, all of which connect to the hyoid region. This specific association with the hyoid bone and related structures is why this arch is referred to as the hyoid arch. For contrast, the first arch is the mandibular arch, and branchial arch is a general term for these structures.